Home Programs and Policies Programs and Policies. The Cabinet Clusters and their key programs: Good Governance and Anti-corruption The Good Governance and Anti-Corruption Cluster shall promote transparency, accountability, participatory governance, and strengthening of public institutions. Public-Private Partnership Philippine Development Plan Security, Justice, and Peace The Security Cluster shall ensure the preservation of national sovereignty and the rule of law; and focus on the protection and promotion of human rights and the pursuit of a just, comprehensive, and lasting peace.
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Sergio Osmena b. Manuel Roxas c. Elpidio Quirino d. Ramon Magsaysay e. Garcia f. Diosdado P. BSED 3- English 2. Idol of the masses, champion of democracy, and freedom fighter. He maintained the strong tradition ties with the United States and sought closer relation with non- communist Asian countries. Best known as the "Champion of the Common Man.
He returned to the Philippines the same year with General Douglas MacArthur and the liberation forces. He continued the fight for Philippine independence. He lost to Manuel Roxas, who won 54 percent of the vote and became president of the independent Republic of the Philippines Government offices and bureaus were gradually reestablished. A number of new ones were created to meet needs then current.
Also restored were the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the inferior courts. The Court of Appeals was abolished and its appellate jurisdiction was transferred to the Supreme Court, the members of which were increased to eleven — one Chief Justice and ten Associate Justice — in order to attend to the new responsibilities. Slowly but steadily, as the liberating forces freed the other portions of the country, provincial and municipal governments were established by the Commonwealth to take over from the military authorities.
The first bill enacted was Commonwealth Act No. S State Department on 11 October State Department to prepare themselves for diplomatic service. Romulo as his representative to accept Philippine membership in the International Monetary Fund and in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which bodies had been conceived in the Bretton Woods Agreement, in which the Philippine had also taken part.
Romulo signed said membership on 27 December on behalf of the Philippines. McNutt, exerting similar pressure. The law also fixed some quotas for certain products: sugar — , long tons; cordage — 6,, pounds; coconut oil — , long tons; cigars — ,, pounds.
The sum of two hundred and forty million dollars was to be periodically allocated by the United States President as a manifestation of good will to the Filipino people. Additionally, sixty million pieces of surplus property were also transferred to the Philippine Government.
Among other things, he told the members of the Congress the grave problems and difficulties the Philippines are set to face and reports of his special trip to the United States—the approval for independence. This entity would be responsible for the construction of twelve thousand houses and for the grant of easy-term loans in the amount of ,, pesos.
Another proposal was the creation of the Central Bank of the Philippines to help stabilize the Philippine dollar reserves and coordinate and the nations banking activities gearing them to the economic progress.
Numberless books, invaluable documents and works of art, irreplaceable historical relics and family heirlooms, hundreds of churches and temples were burned. The reconstruction of the damaged school buildings alone cost more than Php ,, Manila and other cities then were infested with criminal gangs which used techniques of American gangsters in some activities— bank holdups, kidnapping and burglaries.
He unsuccessfully ran for the Presidency in losing to Manuel Quezon. He died on February 6, , due to coronary thrombosis. Manuel L. He became the first Senate President to be elected President and also the first President to be elected through a national election. During his tenure, he largely resolved the pressing issue of much needed land reform, as the lingering legacy of the Colonial Spanish land ownership system continued to plague the countryside with institutionalized income disparity and inescapable poverty among the rural masses.
He also reorganized island military defense and promoted foreign relations and commerce. To some extent, he managed to root out corruption and mismanagement in the government. He exiled to the US upon the Japanese invasion where he died on August 1, He studied and received his law degree at the University of the Philippines in and at Yale University in In , he retired from the political arena and led a normal life with his former wife, Paciencia Hidalgo concentrating on the development of the Lyceum of the Philippines established by his family.
Jose Laurel died on November 5, Politics Administration Jose P. Laurel was among the Commonwealth officials instructed by the Japanese Imperial Army to form a fake government when they invaded and occupied the country. He willingly served under the Japanese Military Administration. Prices of essential supplies rose. The government exerted every effort to increase production and bring consumers' goods under control.
However, the greediness of the Japanese prevails. Programs Reforms He formulated the constitution; a temporary constitution expected to last until the end of war, this established a republican government with a strong executive that states the duties and obligations of the people rather than their rights and privileges.
Food Shortage; during his presidency, the Philippines faced a crippling food shortage which demanded much of Laurel's attention. Transnational Issues Mickey Mouse money enforced by the Japanese Army it has very low value caused by severe inflation. His schooling was interrupted by the revolution and the Filipino-American War.
After the revolutionary struggles he continued his studies until he passed the bar examination on Feb. To help the economy be somewhat stabilized.
Programs Reforms The First Commonwealth Congress earnestly took up the various pending assignments to solve the pressing matters affecting the Philippines, especially in regard to relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. The first bill enacted was Commonwealth Act No. State Department to prepare themselves for diplomatic service. National Issues Death of former president Manuel L. Transnational Issues The Bell Trade Act is very controversial that it took two terms before the issue settled down.
This is where the public hears the Act, spreads it, until eventually the issue is in every corner of the country. He ruled as President from the Philippines' independence from the United States of America on 4 July until his abrupt death in On the April 23, , Roxas won 54 percent of the vote, and the Liberal Party won a majority in the legislature. Economics Since the country was severely damaged by the war, the economy was struggling because of low output growth and high unemployment rates.
Production became low because farms and factories were ruined. Unemployment rates were rising at a fast pace; because businesses were closing, there were no more jobs available for people. The reconstruction cost of these buildings reached million pesos. Also, there was an annual lack of budget of about million pesos.
The act states that U. Treaty of General Relations recognizing Philippine independence as of July 4, includes establishment of US bases and hand over American sovereignty over the Philippines.
National Issues Although Roxas was successful in obtaining rehabilitation funds from America to repair what has been destroyed in the Philippines, he was still criticized for his approval to the Bell Trade Act. Graft and corruption did not stop in the government. Scandals such as the surplus war property scandal, school supplies scandal and Chinese immigration scandals appeared during his time.
People were infuriated at Roxas to the point that there were plans of assassinating him. Fortunately for the former president, he escaped an attempted murder by a Tondo barber, Julio Guillen, who threw a grenade on the platform at Plaza Miranda after the President addressed the rally of citizens.
However, the president managed to find a resource for this amount. He was too close to them to the point that he allowed US military bases in the country, permitted trade restrictions for Filipinos, and gave special privileges for US property owners and investors. A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a representative of Ilocos Sur from to After his term, he retired to his new country home in Novaliches, Quezon City, where he died of a heart attack on February 29, Politics Administration Elpidio Quirino's six years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States.
Basic social problems, however, particularly in the rural areas, remained unsolved, and his administration was tainted by widespread graft and corruption. Economy is not in great shape. Unemployment from the previous government is one of the main problem his administration faces.
He also set up the Central Bank and Rural banking. His second objective was to restore the faith and confidence of the people in the government body of the Philippines. In his efforts he achieved many of his goals including; industrial ventures heightened, irrigation improved, and the road system developed. The major controversy surrounding his governance was his bid for a second term in office in The elections wherein Quirino won was believed to be the most corrupt.
He was also the first president to undergo an impeachment trial because he allegedly purchased a very expensive Golden Orinola using government money. Issues within the government make people despise Quirino. Transnational Issues Philippines is not ideal for business in this time, it is evident that Americans were gradually decreasing their business.
Laurel Jr. Economics Rehabilitation of establishments ruined because of World War is still ongoing but there is a lack on fund to support this. Programs Reforms Started to resolve problems on land distribution through Land Reform Act of which gave emphasis on the welfare of the poor farmers who desired to own agricultural land. National Issues Corruption among cabinet members and the endless attempts to bribe the president were the most common issues of that time where corruptions was very rampant among government officials and President Magsaysay was among the very few who resisted and had zero tolerance against corruption.
Transnational Issues The administration of President Magsaysay was active in the fight against the expansion of communism in the Asian region.
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